As a student leader, do you see yourself in a position in your club, group, organization, or athletic team? Or do you recognize the role and responsibilities you have to your fellow students you lead? The view of a position can hinder student leaders from taking ownership for the responsibilities you have for your fellow members or teammates. You may think or assume that hazing does not happen on our college campus.
The term hazing generally draws society’s attention to fraternities and sororities. However, institutions also experience hazing incidents within athletic teams, marching bands, and campus organizations. Although specific to each university, campus clubs and organizations may cover areas from academics, club sports, co-curricular activities, intramurals, and social groups on campus. For institutions in Texas, the State Legislature defines hazing as: any intentional knowing, or reckless act, occurring on or off campus of an educational institution, by one person alone or acting with others, directed against a student that endangers the mental or physical health or safety of a student for the purpose of pledging, being initiated into, affiliating with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in any organization whose members are students at an educational institution (§ 37.151.6).
Research from the HazingPrevention.org indicates that over half of college students involved in clubs, teams, and organizations experience hazing. The study Hazing in View: College Students At Risk: National Study of Student Hazing by Allen & Madden reveals the vast array of areas across the campus where hazing occurs. Although the percent of students experiencing hazing in an honor society is far less than those who experience it with an athletic team or fraternity and sorority, the fact remains that it is still happening. Hazing rituals date back to the 1800’s. The punishment for hazing incidents in more recent court cases appear more frequent and at times with higher consequences and penalties than hazing cases in the 1970’s. Nuwer with the Hazing Clearinghouse shares that hazing incidents have “claimed at least one life a year on college campuses from 1970 to 2014” (p. 1). In a 40-year comparison, Bauer-Wolf (2017) in a recent article contrasts how Chuck Stenzel’s death in 1978 saw no criminal charges brought forward whereas Timothy Piazza’s case in 2017 prosecuted 18 people and eight received charges of involuntary manslaughter. Bauer-Wolf (2017) describes the Piazza case and convictions as “one of the biggest prosecutions of hazing in history” (p. 1).
Longstanding traditions requiring campus administrators’ purview may or may not directly involve hazing, but rather impact the safety of their students. Van Jura declares, traditions “have the potential to teach students about the history of their institution, provide a means of building community, instill common values that span generations of students, and generate pride and enthusiasm” (p. 107). The Student Affairs professionals need to educate current members, pledges, and alumni governing boards to ensure accountability for the risk management of hazing. Dr. Peter Lake, director of the Center for Excellence in Higher Education Law and Policy at Stetson University, identifies a solution to hazing may not be in the punishment rendered rather than a focus on justice for the process to abate hazing (Bauer-Wolf, 2018).
An educational model must include current students, club and organization advisors, coaches, and alumni of the institution involved in the various groups. A focus on ethical and moral leadership development provides the educational approach to impact social change. Debora Liddell and Diane Cooper in their study of moral development acknowledge that “moral” and “ethical” development are synonymous terms (p. 14). Linda Trevino and colleagues, in the article Inspiring and Equipping Students to be Ethical Leaders, identify five essential behaviors of an ethical leader from their years of research. The essential behaviors consist of “integrity, fairness, communicates ethical standards, care and concern for others, and shares power” (p. 6).
The Association of American Colleges and Universities (AACU) established five core commitments to “foster personal and social responsibility on campus”. The AACU’s 5 core commitments are “striving for excellence; cultivating personal and academic integrity; contributing to a larger community; taking seriously the perspectives of others; and developing moral competence in thought and deed”. These core commitments provide structure for developing student leaders to serve in roles not positions and take responsibility for the students they lead. As student leaders, if you lead by example – in giving others respect you in turn will receive the respect of others. This will allow students, faculty, staff, and alumni to partner in the efforts to abate hazing on their campus.
Stacey Martin, M.Ed.
Doctoral Student, Doctorate of Leadership, Hardin-Simmons University
Dean of Students, Hardin-Simmons University
smartin@hsutx.edu
References
Allen, E. & Madden, M. (2018). National hazing study: Hazing in view. Retrieved from: https://www.stophazing.org/hazing-view/
Bauer-Wolf, J. (2017). College hazing becoming easier to punish. Inside Higher Ed, May 24. Retrieved from: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/05/24/college-hazing-becoming-easier-punish.
Liddell, D. & Cooper, D. (2012). Moral development in higher education. New Directions for Student Services, 139(Fall), 5-15.
Nuwer, H. (2014). Stopping hazing in college and high school athletics. Athletic Business, July. Retrieved from: https://www.athleticbusiness.com/athlete-safety/stopping-hazing-in-college-and-high-school-athletics.html.
Schwartz, A. (Summer, 2015). Inspiring and equipping students to be ethical leaders. New Directions for Student Leadership, 146, 5-16. DOI: 10.1002/yd.20131.
Texas Hazing Law (1995), TX State Legislature, Education Code § 37.151, Subchapter F.
Van Jura, M. (2010). Tradition today: How student affairs professionals can strengthen and preserve campus traditions. The Vermont Connection, 31, 107-116.
Hunger. The mention of the word conjures up images in the collective minds of society. Everyone has various mental images of hunger, depending upon their perspectives. Perhaps some think of starving children living in a dusty, desolate Sub-Saharan village, stricken by drought and famine. Others may think of urban inner-cities, haunted by the heavy atmosphere of poverty, producing a hungry and homeless population. Thinking of hunger probably does not elicit thoughts of college students strolling through a tree-lined quad or opening the creaky doors of an ivy-walled library, stepping into the distinctive, musty scent of knowledge that can only be produced by books. Yet, here the nation stands, surrounded by the advancements of the 21st Century, and plunging deeper into a crisis of hunger on college and university campuses. Hunger? Hunger seems to be a concept incongruent with mental images of healthy, happy college students. Unfortunately, that mental image of a carefree college student remains elusive, as hunger shapes reality for too many postsecondary students today.
In a perfect world, students would attend college and not once worry about their risk for sexual assault. Unfortunately, this is not the case for students in higher education. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights released a Dear Colleague Letter, which stated that one in five women will experience sexual assault while in college (Ali, 2011). In fall 2017, approximately 20 million students enrolled for the fall semester, 11.5 million of which were female (National Center for Education Statistics, 2018). Going by that one in five prediction, 2.3 million of these women will experience a sexual assault while in college, which does not take into account men or students in the LGBT community. One rape is already one rape too many. But millions? Higher education institutions need to take action.
The United States’ national parks are known as “America’s greatest university without walls,” yet the Interior Department reports that the number of college-age visitors fell from 27% to 19% (Blaszak, 2006). Interest from college students normally sparks when they visit the parks as a child, but the annual number of visitors under the age of 15 has fallen by half in recent years (Bergeron, 2015). Two scientific studies show why educators need to get their students out to America’s most beautiful places.
Alice in Wonderland believed in as many as six impossible things before breakfast to remind herself that possibilities surround her (Walt Disney Studios, 2010). Higher education deals with impossible things every day as well: from student persistence and accomplishment, to doing less with more, to ensuring that people receive opportunities to further their education and finally to asking people to give back to universities. As a university, we can make impossible things happen when we view our institutional priorities through a lens of giving back and establish a culture of philanthropy.
Ponderings 